Monthly Archives: December 1991

91MOSCOW37083, GEORGIA — DELIVERY OF LETTER ON

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
91MOSCOW37083 1991-12-30 10:35 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Moscow

O 301035Z DEC 91
FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 5496

C O N F I D E N T I A L MOSCOW 037083 
 
E.O. 12356:  DECL:OADR 
TAGS: PREL PGOV US UR
SUBJECT:  GEORGIA -- DELIVERY OF LETTER ON 
RECOGNITION, COMMENTS ON INTERNAL SITUATION 
 
REF:  STATE 418469 
 
 
1.  (U)  DEPUTY POLITICAL COUNSELOR DELIVERED 
PRESIDENTIAL LETTER RECOGNIZING THE INDEPENDENCE OF 
GEORGIA TO GEORGIAN REPRESENTATIVE IN MOSCOW PYOTR 
PETROVICH CHIKMEIDZE ON FRIDAY, DECEMBER 27.  SHE ALSO 
EXPLAINED THE PRINCIPLES ON WHICH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS 
WILL BE ESTABLISHED, AND EXPRESSED U.S. DESIRE TO 
CONTINUE AN ACTIVE DIALOGUE WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF 
GEORGIA AND TO SUSTAIN CONTACTS THROUGH THE U.S. 
EMBASSY IN MOSCOW. 
 
2.  (C)  CHIKMEIDZE EXPRESSED APPRECIATION FOR THE 
PRESIDENTIAL LETTER, THEN EXPRESSED POLITE DISMAY THAT 
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS REMAINED AT ISSUE.  "THINGS ARE 
VERY DIFFICULT AND COMPLICATED FOR US.  WE HAVE MADE 
MANY MISTAKES, BUT IT WOULD BE BETTER IF WE TALK TO 
EACH OTHER, IF YOU WOULD MAKE YOUR POINTS DIRECTLY TO 
US, RATHER THAN SCOLDING US FROM A DISTANCE," HE 
SAID.  HE ASSERTED GEORGIAN RESPECT FOR DEMOCRACY 
AND FOR THE VALUES REPRESENTED SPECIFICALLY BY 
AMERICAN DEMOCRACY, AND APPEALED FOR U.S. HELP AND 
COOPERATION. 
 
3.  (C)  TURNING TO THE CURRENT SITUATION IN TBILISI, 
CHIKMEIDZE CRITICIZED THE OPPOSITION FOR "STRUGGLING 
FOR DEMOCRACY WITH MACHINE GUNS."  AT THE SAME TIME, 
HE VOLUNTEERED THAT GAMSAKHURDIYA HAD MADE MANY 
MISTAKES, AND IMPLIED PERSONAL DOUBT AS TO WHETHER 
GAMSAKHURDIYA SHOULD ATTEMPT TO STAY ON.  ACCORDING TO 
CHIKMEIDZE, GAMSAKHURDIYA HAD BEEN OFFERED SAFE 
PASSAGE OUT OF THE COUNTRY EARLIER THIS WEEK, AND HAD 
INITIALLY AGREED TO THIS.  HIS ADVISORS, HOWEVER, WHOM 
CHIKMEIDZE DESCIBED AS "THE WOMEN AROUND HIM," OPPOSED 
THIS, AND CONVINCED HIM OUT OF IT.  CHIKMEIDZE ALSO 
POINTED OUT THAT THERE ARE TUNNELS LEADING FROM THE 
GOVERNMENT BUILDING INTO THE HILLS SURROUNDING THE 
CITY;  HE ASSUMES THAT THE OPPOSITION IS ALSO AWARE OF 
THESE POTENTIAL ACCESS/ESCAPE ROUTES. 
 
4.  (C)  ACCORDING TO CHIKMEIDZE, THE ARMED OPPOSITION 
STORMED THE FORMER KGB PRISON IN TBILISI AND HAS FREED 
OPPOSITION FIGURES CHANTURIYA AND YOSELYANI, AMONG 
OTHERS. (THIS HAS SINCE BEEN CONFIRMED BY THE MEDIA.) 
 
5.  (C)  CONCERNING GEORGIA'S POSSIBLE PLACE IN THE 
COMMONWEALTH, CHIKMEIDZE SAID THAT GAMSAKHURDIYA 
FAVORS GEORGIAN MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMONWEALTH, AND 
THAT IF HE SURVIVES THE CURRENT STRUGGLE GEORGIA WILL 
JOIN THE COMMONWEALTH.  MANY OTHERS OPPOSE THIS MOVE, 
HOWEVER, ARGUING THAT THE COMMONWEALTH WILL NOT WORK 
AND THEY DO NOT WISH TO GET INVOLVED IN A FAILING 
EFFORT.  PROPONENTS OF THIS VIEW ACCOUNTED FOR 
GEORGIA'S POSITION AT THE ALMA-ATA MEETING. 
NONETHELESS, CHIKMEIDZE SUPPORTED INVOLVEMENT IN THE 
COMMONWEALTH FOR WHAT BENEFITS MIGHT COME OF IT, AND 
EXPECTS THAT GEORGIA WILL EVENTUALLY JOIN THE GROUPING 
REGARDLESS OF THE OUTCOME OF THE CURRENT POWER 
STRUGGLE IN TBILISI. 
 
 
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91MOSCOW35835, GEORGIAN REPUBLIC’S RELATIONS WITH MOSCOW

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
91MOSCOW35835 1991-12-13 20:40 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Moscow

P 132040Z DEC 91
FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 4479
INFO MOSCOW POLITICAL COLLECTIVE

C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 MOSCOW 035835 
 
 
DEPT FOR D, P, C/E, S/P, AND EUR/SOV 
 
E.O. 12356:  DECL:OADR 
TAGS: PGOV PNAT PREL UR
SUBJECT:  GEORGIAN REPUBLIC'S RELATIONS WITH MOSCOW 
 
1.  CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT. 
 
2.  SUMMARY:  GEORGIANS SEE UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE 
SEALING THE FATE OF THE SOVIET UNION AND RESULTING 
IN, AT MOST, A MINOR ADVISORY ROLE FOR THE CENTER. 
REPUBLIC LEADERS CONTINUE TO PRESS FOR U.S. 
DIPLOMATIC PRESENCE IN TBILISI AND FOR OUR 
MORAL/POLITICAL SUPPORT FOR GEORGIAN INDEPENDENCE. 
OPINION ON YEL'TSIN AND RUSSIA IS DIVIDED.  MOST SEE 
THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT AS LESS THREATENING THAN THE 
SOVIET, BUT FEAR ADDITIONAL COUPS COULD UNSEAT MOSCOW 
REFORMERS.  DISTRUST OF SHEVARDNADZE IS GROWING.  END 
SUMMARY 
 
--------------------------------------------- --------- 
END OF THE SOVIET UNION 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
 
3.  DURING DECEMBER 4-7 VISIT BY EMBOFFS TO TBILISI, 
GEORGIAN INTERLOCUTORS OPINED THE DEMISE OF THE 
SOVIET UNION IN THE WAKE OF THE UKRAINIAN 
REFERENDUM.  BOTH GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION SOURCES 
FELT THE UKRAINIAN VOTE FOR INDEPENDENCE OPENED THE 
FINL ACT FOR THE SOVIET UNION.  THE DIRECTOR OF THE 
GEORGIAN NEWS AGENCY, IRAKLI KENCHASHVILI, SAID 
GORBACHEV WAS FIGHTING AGAINST A HISTORICAL PROCESS, 
SINCE EMPIRES CANNOT SURVIVE INTO THE 21ST CENTURY. 
OPPOSITION PARLIAMENTARIAN AND FORMER HEAD OF THE 
FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE, TEDO PAATASHVILI, SAID 
THAT IN PRACTICAL TERMS NO REPUBLIC REALLY NEEDS THE 
CENTER.  HE PREDICTED THE MOST CENTER OFFICIALS COULD 
HOPE FOR IS A VERY LOOSE ASSOCIATION, PROVIDING 
SUGGESTIONS TO INDEPENDENT STATES. 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
REQUEST FOR U.S. MORAL AND POLITICAL SUPPORT 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
 
4. EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCH SOURCES REQUESTED 
U.S. MORAL AND POLITICAL SUPPORT FOR GEORGIA'S 
INDEPENDENCE, CLAIMING THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE 
ARE BEHIND THE CURVE ON THE SOVIET DEMISE. 
PROCURATOR GENERAL ABAKELIA STATED THERE IS NO REASON 
FOR THE U.S. TO RECOGNIZE THE UKRAINE, BUT NOT 
GEORGIA.  IN A SESSION WITH PARLIAMENTARIANS, THE 
FATHER OF JAILED OPPOSITION JOURNALIST GEORGIY 
HAINDRAVA TOLD EMBOFFS THE U.S. HAD HISTORICALLY LET 
GEORGIA DOWN, BEING IN 1920 THE ONLY GREAT POWER NOT 
TO RECOGNIZE ITS INDEPENDENT STATUS, AND NOW AVOIDING 
ANY STATEMENT CONGRATULATING GEORGIA'S DECLARATION OF 
INDEPENDENCE.  IN APPEALING FOR U.S. SUPPORT, 
GEORGIANS OF ALL STRIPES POINTED OUT THAT GEORGIA 
CONTAINS A SEPARATE PEOPLE, LANGUAGE, RELIGION AND 
CULTURE FROM RUSSIA; HAS AN OLD TRADITION OF 
STATEHOOD; AND CONSTITUTES NO THREAT TO ITS 
NEIGHBORS.  BY SUPPORTING THE REPUBLICS, THEY ARGUE, 
THE U.S. CAN DEMONSTRATE THERE IS NO LONGER ANY NEED 
OF EMPIRES.  THEY CLAIMED AN INDEPENDENT, &HRISTIAN 
GEORGIA, LOCATED IN THE MIDST OF MOSLEM NEIGHBORS, 
COULD POSITIVELY INFLUENCE EVENTS IN TURKEY, IRAN, 
AND THE REST OF THE MOSLEM WORLD.  THEY ALSO ARGUED 
THAT AN INDEPENDENT GEORGIA COULD PLAY A GREATER ROLE 
IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN AZERBAIJAN AND ARMENIA.  IN 
ARGUING FOR A U.S. DIPLOMATIC MISSION IN TBILISI, THE 
GEORGIAN OPPOSITION STATED THAT ISOLATION FROM THE 
WEST WOULD NOT HELP THE LOCAL HUMAN RIGHTS 
SITUATION.  A U.S. MISSION, THEY SAID, COULD 
INFLUENCE LOCAL EVENTS AND "CONSTRAIN THE 
DICTATOR." 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
HOPE FOR RUSSIAN MODERATION 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
 
5.  OPINION WAS DIVIDED ON RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH 
THE REPUBLICS.  SOME SOURCES, LIKE PRESIDENTIAL CHIEF 
OF STAFF, MERAB KLIMIASHVILI, SEEMED LESS WORRIED 
ABOUT YEL'TSIN AND THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT, FEELING 
THAT ITS IMPERIAL AMBITIONS, UNLIKE THE SOVIET 
GOVERNMENT'S, HAVE FINALLY BEEN LAID TO REST.  AS HE 
PUT IT, "THANK GOD RUSSIA FINALLY WANTS TO LIVE ON 
ITS OWN."  KLIMIASHVILI STILL HAD SOME CONCERNS, 
HOWEVER, SINCE HE SAW DEMOCRATS IN MOSCOW IN THE 
MINORITY.  HE PERCEIVED A CONTINUING DANGER "THAT 
HEIRS OF THE SOVIET SYSTEM WITH TOTALITARIAN, 
IMPERIALIST, NON-DEMOCRATIC TENDENCIES COULD REASSERT 
THEMSELVES."  THIS SENTIMENT WAS ECHOED BY OPPOSITION 
PARLIAMENTARIAN PAATASHVILI, WHO DID NOT FEAR A 
STRONG RUSSIAN REPUBLIC "IF IT SAYS IT DOESN'T WANT 
TERRITORIES BEYOND ITS BORDERS."  CITING YEL'TSIN'S 
MODERATE PUBLIC RESPONSE TO THE UKRAINIAN REFERENDUM, 
PAATASHVILI SAID THAT RUSSIA, UNLIKE THE CENTER, IS A 
LARGE COUNTRY IN ITS OWN RIGHT, AND IS NOT RELIANT ON 
AN ARTIFICIAL EMPIRE.  HOWEVER, HE ADDED THE CAVEAT 
OF UNCERTAINTY OVER FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS, SAYING "THE 
POSSIBILITY EXISTS THAT MORE SERIOUS COUPS COULD LEAD 
TO CONTROL BY A MILITARY LEADER WHO WOULD TRY TO 
RESTORE EVERYTHING."  HE ALSO ADMITED THAT SMALL 
NATIONS WITHIN THE RUSSIAN REPUBLIC HAVE MORE TO FEAR 
THAN THE SEPARATE REPUBLICS. 
 
6.  OTHER SOURCES WERE MORE CAUTIOUS ON THE RUSSIAN 
REPUBLIC.  IN GENERAL, SOVIET, RATHER THAN RUSSIAN, 
TROOPS WERE CASTIGATED FOR INCITING TROUBLES IN 
OSSETIA (SEPTEL), PROMPTING A CURRENT BILL BEFORE THE 
LEGISLATURE TO REMOVE SOVIET INTERIOR MINISTRY AND 
NAVAL ELEMENTS FROM GEORGIAN TERRITORY.  AT THE SAME 
TIME, HOWEVER, RUSSIAN NEWSPAPERS WERE SEEN AS 
PROVIDING DISINFORMATION IN SUPPORT OF THE SOVIETS. 
FORMER PRIME MINISTER TENGIZ SIGUA BLAMED BOTH RUSSIA 
AND THE CENTER FOR PR
OBLEMS IN OSSETIA, SAYING 
COMPETITION BETWEEN THE MOSCOW "WHITE HOUSE" AND THE 
KREMLIN LEAVES LOCAL SOVIET INTERIOR MINISTRY AND KGB 
FORCES BEYOND ANYONE'S CONTROL.  SEVERAL 
INTERLOCUTORS ALSO IMPLIED LINGERING FEAR OF RUSSIAN 
EXPANSIONISM.  ONE GEORGIAN LEGISLATOR CLAIMED THAT 
EVEN DEMOCRATS IN RUSSIA NEVER UNDERSTOOD SMALL 
NATIONS LIKE GEORGIA.  NEWS DIRECTOR KENSCHASVILI HAD 
NO USE FOR THE CENTER OR RUSSIA.  HE SAID "EARLIER WE 
NEEDED GORBACHEV, THEN WE NEEDED YEL'TSIN, NOW WE 
DON'T EVEN NEED HIM."  ONE OPPOSITION SOURCE TOLD 
CIRCUIT RIDERS HE FEARED YEL'TSIN AS WELL, SAYING THE 
RUSSIAN PRESIDENT WILL "SHOW HIS TEETH YET." 
 
7.  THERE WAS ALSO SOME DISTRUST OF SHEVARDNADZE 
WHOSE RE-EMERGENCE AS SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER WAS 
SEEN BY THE NEWS DIRECTOR AND OTHERS AS 
OPPORTUNISTIC.  BOTH PRESIDENT GAMASHKURDIA (SEPTEL) 
AND OPPOSITION LEADERS LABELLED SHEVARDNADZE A 
REMNANT OF THE BREZHNEV SYSTEM, REMEMBERED FOR HIS 
ROLE AS REPUBLIC FIRST SECRETARY.  GAMSAKHURDIA 
CALLED SHEVARDNADZE "A GREAT ACTOR" WHO FEIGNED A 
SPLIT WITH GORBACHEV SO HE COULD RETURN TO GEORGIA 
AND HOLD IT IN THE UNION.  THE GEORGIAN PRESIDENT 
ADDED THAT SHEVARDNADZE IS TO THIS DAY STILL LEADING 
THE FIGHT AGAINST GEORGIA'S NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, 
USING THE LOCAL COMMUNIST MAFIA TO CREATE DISSENT AND 
ECONOMIC INSTABILITY. 
 
 
COLLINS

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